A reflection on Matthew 5:27-37, by Joel Rothman.
***
When I was almost 12 years old I discovered a big thick novel
called Magician, and from the moment I picked it up I couldn’t put it down. For
800 pages I was engrossed in a different world, a world of dragons and magic,
fear and bravery, love and loss, and an epic adventure through a world very
different to our own…And finally the threads of the story were tied together in
a grand conclusion. From that time I was hooked. I read book after book, each
opening up a different world. Each was similar to the last in many respects,
and yet at the same time radically new. After Magician I was lost in The Wheel
of Time, and Game of Thrones, the Shannara Chronicles and Lord of the Rings.
Many of those books have now been made into movies or high-budget TV series,
and you can see it on the screen. But back then I saw it all in my head.
More recently I’ve been exploring the idea of reading
scripture the way I read these novels. What if we read scripture as a story?
Can we see how this passage follows from the one before? Can we see how the
narrative threads lead into the next? And the dialogues too. What if they
aren’t just independent, philosophical dissertations – what if we read them as
part of the story? Part of the dialogue between the characters in the story?
And more than that, what if we allow ourselves to be drawn
into the world of the text? Can we be drawn into a world that is very different
to our own? What if we feel and see what is happening? Like images on a screen,
or rather, like the way that we are drawn into a novel and feel like we can
actually see this world and it’s creatures. So I want to try something a little
different today. Indulge me, and let’s see where this takes us.
This year in the Christian liturgical cycle, most of our
gospel readings are from the Gospel As Told By Matthew. Next year, most of our
readings will be from the Gospel As Told By Mark. And the year after that, most
of our readings will be from the Gospel As Told By Luke. So Mark and Luke can
be kept aside for another day, because now we are entering into the story as
told by Matthew.
As we enter world of Matthew we enter a world very different
to our own. In Matthew’s world the earth is not a giant sphere hurtling through
space, in a galaxy of stars thousands of light-years away. In the
pre-scientific world, Matthew knew that his readers saw the cosmos very
differently. In Matthew’s world the earth
is vast and broad, but if you keep walking in the same direction for long
enough you will come to the edge of the world – to the place where the dome of
heaven rests on the ends of the earth. In Matthew’s world the earth is largely
flat, and yet huge mountains reach up into heaven. And as the people stand on
the earth they look up into heaven. Heaven is the sky and the sky is heaven,
and it is only just out of reach of human hands. Can you feel the earth under
your feet? Can see you the mountains around you? Can you see the sky-heaven,
just up there? It is full of clouds and winds and stars and angels and demons
and gods and the sun and the moon and planets and the constellations and the
invisible powers of the air. The stars are just up there, and they are powerful
beings that control the fates of mortals on earth.
In a way, the sky is like a mirror image of the earth.
Anything that exists on earth, anything that really matters, also exists in the
sky-heaven. A king on earth has a star in the sky-heaven. Perhaps Herod has a
star? The Roman emperor certainly does. Rome itself would be more than a mere
star. Perhaps it would be a mighty constellation, dominating the powers of the
sky, and dominating our lives from the sky, just as it dominates life on earth
through the mundane realities of soldiers and governors and taxes. On earth we
see conflict between nations and empires, and Rome ever victorious. And in the
sky we see conflict between stars and planets and angels, the same conflict as
the conflict on earth, but enacted also in the sky.
This is the world we are entering into, where the sky reflects
the earth, and earth reflects the sky. In both there is conflict, but in both
Rome is ever victorious, and dominates life and presses people in. So where
does hope come from? From earth, or from the sky-heaven? Is hope even possible
in this cosmos?
But Matthew tells a story. Matthew tells the story of a man in
one small region of the empire who calls people to hear something new. He
announces that the Kingdom of the Heavens is becoming a reality in this world. Now,
when Mark and Luke tell the story, they call it the Kingdom of God. But we are
engaging with the story as told by Matthew. And in this story we hear the
proclamation of the Kingdom of the Heavens. Not the Kingdom of Heaven. The
Kingdom of the Heavens. And in Matthew’s world, that makes a difference.
As we stand on the earth and see the sky-heaven above us,
filled with conflict between stars and angels and planets, with the stars of
Rome dominating and constricting our lives, let us look higher still. We cannot
see it ourselves, but the wise ones and the prophets tell us that there is more
beyond the sky-heaven. That the earth and the sky-heaven are held within
another place, a place called the
heavens. Not a place of conflict. Not a
place where powerful beings battle it out in the sky as a reflection of the
battles of soldiers and armies on earth. Not a place where the stars and
constellations of Rome emerge dominant over the stars and constellations and
planets and gods of all other peoples. No, this is different. This is something
we cannot see. Not heaven, but the heavens.
In Matthew’s world, the heavens are the place where God is
truly king. Where all creatures reflect the perfect love of the creator, and
join in shouts of joy for the life-giver. From this place of dynamic harmony
and transformative possibilities comes hope for the earth and sky. From this
place comes hope, springing up in the earth. It is the Kingdom of the Heavens,
becoming a reality also here among us.
And people are entering into it, becoming part of it. The
Kingdom of Heaven is spreading, in pockets here and there it is becoming a
reality and spreading. And sometimes Jesus says it’s like mould, like fungi, popping up and
spreading…even amid the Kingdom of Herod and the Empire of Rome the Kingdom of
the Heavens is becoming a reality. And people are becoming a part of that
reality.
So we listen to Jesus, and everything he has to say. And now
we’re walking with Jesus, and we follow him up a mountain. And he sits in the
position of a teacher, and we listen. And he begins to tell us what it means to
live the Kingdom of the Heavens. If the Kingdom of the Heavens is the dynamic
hope for earth and sky, what does it mean to live it?
So we listen. And it’s not easy stuff. It’s difficult. Jesus
is asking us to look at ourselves. At our anger, our lust, our untruthfulness.
But this is the way we can participate now in the Kingdom of the Heavens, to begin
to see it embodied in us. And Jesus speaks for a long time, and asks us to
consider many things. And he asks us to consider the laws we live by, and how
we can go beyond them. He says this: We all know it is wrong to lie under oath.
We know that already, Jesus says. But what about that part of us that seeks to
deceive whenever we can get away with it? Perhaps we deceive ourselves into
thinking it’s not really lying, or justify ourselves when we don’t actually
lie, but we give a false impression. So Jesus asks us to always seek truth. To
live the Kingdom of the Heavens is to seek truth.
We all know that murder is wrong. We know that already, Jesus
says. But what about when we express our differences through conflict and
fighting? When we follow an angry desire to win by beating the other down? So
Jesus asks us to seek reconciliation. We all agree that adultery is wrong. We know that already,
Jesus says. But what about that part of us that looks at people in the wrong
way. That part of us that looks at people as desirable objects to be used, or,
on the other hand, as undesirable objects to be cast aside. So Jesus asks to
deal with that part of ourselves that makes us do these things, so we can learn
to see rightly, to see people as God sees people.
And as Israelite people who follow the laws of Moses we know
that when a man disposes of his wife he should follow the proper proceedures,
and give her a certificate of divorce. But what about the inherent wrongness in
this whole way of thinking, that sees people as disposable? What about the
immense distress caused when the person with the power casts the other out of
home and out of community? There are times when it is right for a marriage to
come to an end. We know that. But if we view people as disposable, there is
something wrong with that.
What Jesus says to us is challenging and uncomfortable. But if
we can accept it, then we can find a way to be a different people. We find the
hope, freedom and joy of living the Kingdom of the Heavens. We live the Kingdom
of the Heavens by how we love each other.
But Jesus says more. He says we also live the Kingdom of the
Heavens by how we engage the kingdoms of the earth and sky. The kingdoms of
Herod and Caesar. For those who hate, and have the power to enact their hate,
we pray for them. We pray for their hearts to be changed. To those who have
power over us and abuse us, we stand our ground. We refuse to do them harm, but
we also refuse to be treated as less than human. We honour the humanity in
ourselves and in others. We seek the wellbeing of anyone in need, and we
practice radical trust in the goodness of God. And Jesus tells us that one day
the Kingdom of the Heavens will fill the earth and the sky.
And Jesus says many things, and when he has finished we follow
him to see what he will do next. But now we move out of the world of Matthew.
Out of the world of swords and arrows and kings and the angels and demons and
stars and planets who battle in the sky. We came back to our world, and our
world looks quite different. We see our cosmos very differently. And yet, in
some ways, perhaps our world is not so different.
When I read those novels and became absorbed in them, and
finally emerged back into the world of my daily life, I felt like something
came with me. That in some way the story came with me. But how much more this
story, the story that created us as a people and makes us who were are. So as
we come back into our world, we bring something with us. The story does not
remain in the text, it does not stay locked in pages, but it comes with us and
lives with us. The story is alive in our world. It is the story that makes us
who we are. And it is here, in our world, that we will find out what happens
next. Ω
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